A shrimp bottom trawler operating in estuarine waters that serve as fish nursery habitat. The vessel leaves a plume of sediment in its wake as seabirds follow behind. Pamlico Sound, Ocracoke Island, North Carolina, USA, 2026.
Lauren Tippett/ We Animals
In North Carolina’s estuaries, juvenile fish caught in trawling nets are discarded as “waste” before they ever have a chance to reach adulthood.
Estuaries are often called the “nurseries of the sea.” Where rivers meet the ocean, their shallow, sheltered waters offer a refuge where young fish and other animals can safely feed, grow, and avoid predators before moving into deeper waters.
The US state of North Carolina has the second-largest estuarine system in the country, with more than 2.2 million acres (nearly one million hectares) of inshore habitat, where millions of animals start their lives each year. But commercial shrimp trawlers scrape the seafloor, capturing juvenile animals before they can mature.
A person holds a dead squid, discarded as bycatch from a shrimp bottom trawler. Pamlico Sound, Ocracoke Island, North Carolina, USA, 2026.
Lauren Tippett / We Animals
A pile of dead fish lies on the deck of a shrimp bottom trawler as crew members sort through their catch. The crew members keep brown shrimp and discard juvenile fish and other aquatic animals as bycatch. Pamlico Sound, Ocracoke Island, North Carolina, USA, 2026.
Lauren Tippett / We Animals
We Animals photographer, Lauren Tippett, documented trawling nets dragging the bottom of the estuary floor for hours, pulling up bycatch that was dumped onto the boats’ sorting trays. Juvenile fish were returned to the water either dead or injured. The trawlers left trails of dead animals and churned-up sediment, which research shows can release trapped nutrients and contaminants into the water and reduce visibility enough to disorient marine life.
“All of the fish that I witnessed discarded were babies… Their parents laid eggs in the estuary so that their babies could be protected from predators and have a fighting chance at reaching adulthood. But instead, they were caught and immediately categorized as “waste.” They were doomed to die because protections do not exist for in-shore ecosystems in North Carolina in the way that they do for every other state on the East Coast.” — Lauren Tippett, photographer and marine biologist
A crew member on a shrimp bottom trawler releases debris into the water from a net. Pamlico Sound, Ocracoke Island, North Carolina, USA, 2026
Lauren Tippett / We Animals
North Carolina is the only Atlantic or Gulf coast state that still allows large-scale bottom trawling in its estuaries, according to the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission.
As bottom trawlers move within an ecosystem, they not only capture an exorbitant amount of bycatch, but they also scrape the bottom with heavy weights. This removes any habitat structure that existed before they bulldozed through, and it stirs up large plumes of sediment. This story element was difficult to capture from our boat, so I sent my drone up to the sky. It showed the sediment plumage better than I could have hoped… On our way back, we passed by several more bottom trawlers. It’s clear that this practice is very common in North Carolina’s estuaries.” – Lauren Tippett
North Carolina state fisheries data show trawlers catch tens to hundreds of millions of juvenile fish as bycatch each year, with shrimp trawls accounting for close to a third of all discards of southern flounder, an overfished species. State researchers point to trawl bycatch as a significant factor in the decline of several other North Carolina fish stocks.
“I want to emphasize that what we’re highlighting here isn’t illegal. This is truly a state problem, where the state legislature has not passed a ban on inshore trawling as every single other state on the East Coast has done. It’s important to understand the economic and ecological impact that inshore bottom trawling is having in our coastal estuaries.” – Lauren Tippett
Three shrimp bottom trawlers operate in a vast estuary that serves as fish nursery habitat. Pamlico Sound, Ocracoke Island, North Carolina, USA, 2026.
Lauren Tippett / We Animals
For Tippett, protecting North Carolina’s estuaries will require action from people across the state. She is urging North Carolinians to contact their representatives in support of House Bill 442 (HB442), which would ban inshore bottom trawling in the state, bringing it into line with the rest of the US East Coast’s ecological standards.
Learn more about HB442 and take action: ncwf.org/save-our-sounds
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